The Birth of Stock exchange

In the last few centuries, stock markets have become one of the most important constituents of the world economy. A stock exchange is a regulated marketplace where different financial securities such as stocks, bonds, and warrants are bought and sold. Here we are going to trace their origins and look at the top 10 oldest stock exchanges in the world.

Which were the oldest stock exchanges?

The stock market systems didn’t start facilitating the purchase and sale of stocks from inception. In fact, the first exchanges didn’t trade even a single stock for centuries. Back in the 11th century, French businessmen managed and traded agricultural debts across the country on behalf of banks. The merchants of Venice began trading government securities in the 13th century.

As the decades went by, moneylenders across Europe traded debts among one another. One moneylender could exchange their high-risk, high-interest loan for a low-risk loan with another moneylender. They would also trade in government debts. These developments laid the groundwork for future stock market systems.

The first proper exchange arrived in Antwerp, Belgium in 1531. Brokers, moneylenders, and other business people would gather to issue and trade the government, business, and individual debts. But Antwerp and other early exchanges had no real stocks. The first exchange that traded real stocks was established several decades later. People would gather in coffee shops or under the trees to trade stocks, which were handwritten on sheets of paper at the time.

These are the top 10 oldest stock exchanges in the world:

1-    Euronext Amsterdam, 1602

According to Guinness World Records, it is the oldest in the world. Currently known as Euronext Amsterdam, it was founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company to deal in its printed stocks and bonds. It was the first exchange to formally start trading in stocks. It was subsequently renamed the Amsterdam Bourse and was the first to formally begin trading in securities.

2-    Paris Stock Exchange, 1724

The Paris Bourse was founded in 1724. Today, it has more than 1,000 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of $2.9 trillion. It was merged in September 2000 with the Amsterdam, Brussels, and Lisbon exchanges to form Euronext. It is now known as Euronext Paris.

3-    Philadelphia Stock Exchange, 1790

Many believe the NYSE to be the first stock exchange in the United States, but that title is held by the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. Founded in 1790, it was originally called the Board of Brokers of Philadelphia. Its name was changed to the Philadelphia Stock Exchange in 1875. In 2007, it was acquired by the NASDAQ OMX Group for $652 million.

4-    London Stock Exchange, 1801

The LSE is one of the world’s largest and oldest exchanges. It was founded in 1801 but companies were not allowed to issue shares until 1825, which hurt its growth in the initial years. Today, it has more than 3,000 listed companies with a combined market value of $3.76 trillion. It was the world’s largest exchange until the end of World War I, when it was dethroned by the NYSE.

5-    Milan Stock Exchange, 1808

Founded in 1808, Borsa Italiana is the only exchange in Italy. It is currently owned and operated by the London Stock Exchange Group. Just like the Wall Street has the iconic charging-bull statue, the Milan Stock Exchange has a giant marble middle finger. The 36-foot middle finger sculpture was created by Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan.

6-    New York Stock Exchange, 1817

The NYSE is the largest stock exchange in the world with a market capitalization of $22 trillion. Some of the world’s largest corporations are listed here. Unlike London Stock Exchange and many other exchanges, the NYSE began trading stocks from the first day of its launch in 1817. Due to its strategic location and little domestic competition, it quickly became the most influentia exchange in the United States. However, the NYSE has been facing tough competition from NASDAQ, which was founded in New York City in 1971.

7-    Frankfurt Stock Exchange, 1820

It has a market capitalization of about $1.8 trillion, making it one of the world’s largest stock exchanges. Though it was formally established in 1820, it has a much longer history. Its origins can be traced back to the medieval trade fairs in the 11th century. A bourse was established in 1585 when the trade fair merchants decided to set up fixed currency exchange rates.

8-    Madrid Stock Exchange, 1831

Bolsa de Madrid was founded in 1831 in the capital city of Spain. It is currently housed in a historic 19th-century building. It switched to an all-electronic trading for fixed income securities in 1993. It has about 1,500 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of 1.27 trillion euros.

9-    Toronto Stock Exchange, 1861

Canada established its first exchange on October 25th, 1861 when 24 brokers gathered at the Masonic Hall to create a stock market system. The TSE had 13 listings in its first year. Currently owned by TMX Group, the TSX is one of the largest in the world with a market capitalization of $2.1 trillion and more than 2,200 listed companies. The TMX Group tried to merge itself with the London Stock Exchange in 2011, but failed to get the shareholders’ approval.

10- Bombay Stock Exchange, 1875

Established in 1875, the Bombay Stock Exchange is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. It is also one of the world’s largest exchanges with market capitalization of $2.1 trillion. It was officially recognized by the Indian government in 1957, a decade after the country’s independence.

Organisational work stress in Dual-Career Couples: Impact on Family and Children in Mumbai Region

Women are getting employed is on the rise globally and in particular, in India. Due to their career, there have been explicit changes observed with regard to conventional norms pertaining to their position and status both in the family and in society. Due to rise in literacy of women workers, increased aspiration in female workers to shoulder and share economic responsibilities of the family. Increase employment opportunities to female workers. Rising cost of living compelling families to break traditional cultural norms and barriers of restricting female to household chores and to allow women to work outside in Industry.

Women belonging to any class or creed or caste or religion have progressed well and reached new heights. They have set their own objectives in order to earn self-respect, freedom and financial independence, acquire decision making skills, retain self-esteem and personal growth. All these factors definitely contribute to the uplift of the family. These new roles and responsibilities are additional to the traditional roles and responsibilities of bearing and rearing children, managing the domestic household mundane activities.

In the dual career families where both husband and wife work in order to meet with the expenses, a different situation exists. Women have to balance identity, power, status along with family roles and responsibilities often in conflict and psychological distancing from not only spouse but also family and children. This leads to tension, stress and strain.

As a result, there is always a clash between the domestic and job roles for both husband and wife. The man is expected to share some domestic chores with his spouse and the wife is expected to share some of the expenses of the house. It is likely that no harmony, happiness, peace and love being retained in the families where both the couples work.

 

 

Statement of the Problem

There are high numbers of cases are files in the courts for the divorce cases, couples are facing depression, children feels they are left out without their fault. There are lots of stresses handle by couples in organization and as well as family affairs. Therefore the researcher wants to understand the organization work stress on the couples and its impact in their family and on children.

 

Literature Review

Numerous studies have been conducted in India on the dual-career couples especially on working women. The results of studies have shown some authentic reasons of conflict between both the couples and their family members.

Mothers and fathers thought that the mother’s work had a positive impact on their family relationships. The Mother’s employment provided skills and resources that meant they could meet their children’s emotional developmental and material needs better. Their relationship with their partner was enhanced because they shared the financial burden of providing for their family and had more common interests. The proportion of working mothers with dependent children is increasing, especially among those with children under the age of 10. Dramatic increases in mothers’ employment are seen as having importance effects on family life. (Tracey Reynold, et al, 2003).

In economic terms, families with two full time working parents are better off than other families. Mother responsibilities are increases when it comes to managing the children’s schedules and activities. While balancing work and family life can be difficult for many working parents. The mother does more than the father when it comes to certain tasks related to their children. Mothers also tend to take on more household chores and responsibilities. Mother pays more of a disciplinarian role in their families. Childcare responsibilities usually fall to the mother (Pew Research Centre, 2005).

Work Family Conflict: Working women percentage is increasing in day to day life which in turn enhances the role of women in both domestic and outside world. So naturally the conflict arises, when they try to balance between the work and family. If these roles are not properly handled, it leads to work family conflict (WFC) which in turn tends to create pressure / stress among the employees. Employees try to fulfil the increasing work role and at the same time with family responsibilities too; struggles with work family conflict and stress (Kaye and Gray 2007). Work family conflict is related to stress and psychological strain (Poelmans, 2001). If women workers not able to handle the conflicts it impact on the organization productivity and also creates friction between husband and wife relationship (K. Ragles Devi & S. Skthivel Rani, 2015).

The effect of parents’ employment on outcomes for children parents’ employment patterns can have long term consequences for their children’s development. Although full time work increased family income, less time for mothers to interact with their family tended to reduce children’s later educational attainments. Increase the child risk of experiencing psychological distress as a young adult. The pre-school years are particularly important for a child’s development.

Mahajan¹ has analysed the role that an educated woman has to play if she chooses a career and traditional pattern of home life. The societal pattern forces the woman not only to play the external role but also traditional family role of house-wife and mother. His studies reveal that educated women themselves do not realise their capabilities to handle multiple roles at different stages of life.

 

Research by Ramnath² explores the economic, psychological and social factors which influence women to opt for a career.

 

Mishra³'s research reveals the dissonance between the social expectations and women's actual situation. Women by accepting a new career seek new role fit and there exists a constant frame of reference to anchor her to a relatively stable set of values. To her husband the role-person-system is always in a state of flux due to the lag of value. There has been continuous changes at macro level including political, economic, ideological and religious spheres but at micro levels such as social expectations of women has not undergone much of a change.

 

Desai and Krishnaraj⁴ study reveals that middle-class women participation does not only include economic activity but also mixing with other male members, staying out of house for long hours, affecting the norms regarding the proper sphere of women, their status vis-a-vis their husbands, values underlying patriarchal family structure prevalent, redefinition of the roles of family members including the spouse.

 

The study by Mathur⁵ examined the motivational levels of professionals and decisions to look out for employment, implications of dual roles, problems they face because of the women engaged in full-time continuous employment in professional or non-professional jobs. The study further reveals how the women balance both the roles by developing strategies.

 

The study by Noor⁶ found that after taking into account factors such as initial well-being, personality and demographic variables; work overload is the only variable that predicts psychological distress in working women.

 

Andrade, Postma & Abraham⁷ shows that husbands experienced better social support but developed less social contact, they adopted less mental mastery, and perceived poor health than husbands in one-working families. The study further reveals that there are few or no socio demographic variables associated with their well-being and employment benefits women but stress their husbands.

 

The study by Arora⁸ shows that concentrated efforts put by woman in order to achieve higher socio-economic status in the society leads to her success that also undergoes tremendous amount of psychological pressure and conflict. The conflicts are not only by the clashing of societal values, norms and natural non-acceptance of them as an individual. The conflict is also due to the disapproval of and the inability to comply with traditional family and social roles.

 

Research by Coltrane and Cooke⁹ suggest that when men do housework the women's perception of fairness and marital satisfaction increases and the couple experiences less marital conflict and hence there is minimum level of role conflicts.

 

Radloff¹⁰ found that the traditional role of housewife is unstructured, devalued, frustrating, restrictive and isolated.

 

Research by Beteille¹¹ revealed that there are sharp differences of opinion on the changes that are taking place with women in India. Some find these changes as persuasive and profound; and women's participation in public life has also increased their legal status.

Jain¹² study states that working women face difficulties in performing their familial roles. Often, she has conflicting demands but she is not ready to leave her job on account of these conflicts and tries to make new adjustments in her family life and while performing occupational roles her family responsibilities come in her way.

 

Coverman & Shelly¹³ through their research work found that there is little change in the amount of time that husband spends on household activities in dual-earner families.

 

Berardo, et. al. & Ferber and Birnham¹⁴ found that men in dual-earner families do as little work as men in single-earner families.

 

Research Methodology

This is an empirical type of research. Empirical research is that research which is based on experimentation or observation, i.e. evidence of the researcher. Search research is often conducted to answer to a specific question or to test a hypotheses. This is an empirical study to find the reasons of role-conflicts and stress among the dual-career couples of Mumbai region. The different levels of stress and conflict among the dual-career couples will be evaluated. The coping strategies adopted by them will be observed and also to identify areas for policy interventions.

 

Sampling

Snowball sampling method will be applied to collect information about the dual-career couples in Mumbai region as there are no evidences of any department preparing the data about dual-career couples in Mumbai.

 

Nature of data

Primary Data: Will be collected through questionnaire designed both in qualitative and quantitative in nature. The researcher collects data. Sample Size of 1000 dual-career couples working in any sector will be selected. Their age will range between 18-45 years of age with at least 1 child who is school going will be selected and their family members.

Total sample size approximately 500 couples and their families.

Secondary Data: The researcher collected secondary data from magazines. Newspaper, research journals and research papers, government agencies and publications, reports from HRD ministry, UGC bulletin, and university news, etc.

Proposed Research Tools to be adopted for Research Exercise

The technique used for data collection is one to one interviews or telephones and E-mail. A close-ended questionnaire has been designed to get the responses from the sampled data. Individual responses, thus obtained, have been compiled, processed and analyzed.

 

Two separate structured questionnaires one for the husband and one for the wife will be used. Some of the questions will be identical and some will be different. Two separate structured/unstructured questionnaires one for the family members and one for the children will be used. The questionnaires will be made to fill by the respondents in presence of the researcher. There will also be an informal discussion with the couples, their family members and children. During the discussion the researcher will observe their feelings and note their opinions about the questionnaire and related issues. This will help the respondents to provide with additional relevant information. Three stress levels will be measures such as scores below 50 points as 'low levels of stress'; between 50 - 100 points as 'moderate' and between 100 - 150 points as 'high level of stresses.

 

 

 Objectives of Research

1. To identify the main reasons for stress among dual-career couples.

2. To identify the coping strategies adopted by the dual-career couples.

3. To identify areas where policy interventions are needed.

4. To identify the difficulties faced by the family members and the children.

 

Limitation of the study

The research study is conducted only for the working couples in Mumbai region and analysis their stress levels and how its impact on family and their children development.

Significance of the Research

Women getting employed are increasing, in particular in India. Women want to have their own identity, status, economic and financial freedom. In view of all the above mentioned characteristics, women take up jobs and stay out of the house for long hours. This tends to impact the family members and the growth of the children of that particular family due to the dual responsibilities observed by women - family role and responsibilities and career roles. It is imperative to draw balance between the family and career front. In addition to the assumed responsibilities at home and office, women, in particular in Mumbai have to spend hours together in travelling from  home to office and office to home. This study identifies the dual responsibilities played by women and how their spouses support the total efforts in maintaining a balance.

 

 

References

1. Mahajan, A. 1966. Women's two roles-A study of role conflict in India. Journal of Social Work, 25(4):377-380.

2. Ramaiha, R.K.L. 1969. Problems of Indian working women'. In Development of Women's education, PP. 201-210.

3. Mishra, R. 1977. Working women: A frame of reference. Indian Journal of Social Research, 18(2 & 3).

4. Desai, N. and Krishnaraj, M. 1990. Women and society in India, Ajanta Publications, New Delhi.

5. Mathur, D. 1992. Women, Family and Work, Rawat Publications, Jaipur, India.

6. Noor, N.M. 1995. Work and family roles in relation to women's well-being: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34:87-106.

7. Andrade, C., Postma, K. and Abrahm, K. 1999. Influence of women's work status on the well being of Indian couples. The International Journal of Psychiatry, 45:65-75.

8. Arora, P. 2003. Professional women: Dual role and conflicts. Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

9. Coltrane, S. 2004. Fathering: paradoxes, Contradictions and Dilemmas. In: Hand Book of Contemporary Families: Considering the Past, Contemplating the Future. Marilyn Coleman & Lawrence Ganong (eds), Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, Canada.

10. Cooke, L.P. 2006. Doing gender in context: Household bargaining and risk of divorce in Germany and the United States. American Journal of Sociology, 112(2): 442-472.

11. Radloff, L. Sex differences in depression. Sex Roles, 1: 249-265.

12. Beteille, A. 1989. The idea of natural inequality and other essays, Published by S. K. Mookerjee, Oxford University Press, London.

13. Jain, S. 1988. Status and role perception of middle class women. Classical Publishing Company, Karam Pura, New Delhi.

14. Coverman and Shelly and Sheley, J.F. 1986. Change in men's house work and child care, time, 1965-75. Journal of Marriage and the Family.

15. Berardo, D.H., C. L. Shehan and Leslie, G. R. 1987. A residue of tradition: Job careers and spouses' time in Housework. Journal of Marriage and Family, 49:381-390.

16. Ferber, M. R. and Birnham, B. 1982. The impact of mother's work on the family as an economic system. In S. B. Kamerman and C.D. Hays (Eds), Family that Work: Children in a Changing World, National Academy Press, Washington DC.

17. Gove, W.R. 1972. The relationship between sex roles, marital status and mental illness. Social Forces, 51:34-44.

18. Thoits, P.A. 1983. Dimensions of life events that influence psychological distress: An evaluation and the synthesis of the literature. In H. B. Kaplan, Psychological Stress: Trends in Theory and Research, Academic, New York, pp. 33-103.

 

 

 

 

 

A Employee become an Entrepreneure - Revolution of india

Thank you everyone for appreciating my earlier blogs and I have received several requests to write one more blog on the same topic of Employee V/s Entrepreneur.

Therefore, I have studied this subject in a multiple various of things to elaborate the topic in large scope. Firstly, I would like to start my blog with the survey report which was come into view recently in Business Standard newspaper on August 9, 2017.

The Survey report is describing the information about peoples preferring to quit jobs, become an entrepreneur. In the blog we would try to comprehend that why peoples are trying to quit the job to become an entrepreneur and what would need to improve skill in ourselves and later then we will try to understand about the business modules.

Seriously, this will help you to understand about employee V/s Entrepreneur in depth & for details kindly visit https://rewardingcorners.blogspot.com/2019/06/entrepreneurs_13.html to know the specimens of peoples who started business with nothing but now they all are become a successful business man.

You may think why I am appreciating entrepreneurs, but this is not fact I am not in favor to any special type of employment since I am working as salaried employee in the IT firm from last 14 years 😊  I expressed only the thing which is coming very frequently in front of me in our daily life.

As per my understanding this revolution is coming due to government gradient as Indian government approach peoples to become entrepreneur instead of asking job to government and in the return Govt willing to hand-hold young entrepreneurs.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi said:
The youth of today should become job creators and think out of the box, for which the government is willing to hand-hold them for setting up startups.

He also said that while patience was a virtue, it should not stop the youth from coming up with innovative ideas for the benefit of the country and society.

Read more at:
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/govt-willing-to-hand-hold-young-entrepreneurs-modi/articleshow/62473728.cms?from=mdr

 

New Generation successful Entrepreneurs of India

 

Ritesh Agarwal
Have you heard of Oravel? No? How about OYO? Yes, this young man is the Founder & CEO of the budget room provider service – OYO.
Ritesh Agarwal has had an interesting childhood. He was never fond of studies so he dropped formal education out of his plans. The idea of Oravel Stays struck him when he was 18. The basic idea was a budget hotel chain that provides B&B. Realizing that no other service offered a room for a budget traveller, Ritesh took the idea from Oravel stays to OYO rooms and voila! Agarwal started OYO with 11 only rooms in a Gurgaon hotel. This is one of the best successful entrepreneurs stories in India. Today, OYO has 65000 rooms in about 5500 properties across 170 cities in India.

 

Deepak Ravindran

At the age of 18, Deepak was an ordinary science student. He loved computers but was also fond of studies. However, he decided to drop out of college to pursue his first start-up venture. Deepak is the Co-Founder and CEO of Innoz Technologies – a service that provides a wireless market and gives solutions for mobile search applications – along with 5 of his friends. He also started SMSgyan, a text message-based search engine, which works on a format. Deepak started this service in 2011. As of now, Deepak is working on a new chat-based delivery platform, called Lookup which has some heavy investors.

 

Farrhad Acidwalla

When Farrhad was 13, he borrowed about Rs. 1,200 from his father to build an online community. At the age of 16, he borrowed 500rs to buy an online domain. By 17, this young man was interviewed on CNN. Now at the age of 24, FarrhadAcidwalla is among the top successful entrepreneurs of India!

Selling his initial business idea to a fan for about Rs. 25,000, he used the money to start a Web Developing Media Firm called Rockstah Media. The company is now about a year old and already recognized by many across the nation. This is one of the best successful entrepreneurs stories in India.

FarrhadAcidwalla has earned a spot in several listicles of famous publication. He is also a TEDx speaker and has been the youngest guest lecturer in IIT Kharagpur’s Annual Entrepreneurship Summit.

 

 

Shravan Kumaran and Sanjay Kumaran

Shravan and Sanjay, siblings aged 16 and 15 respectively are the youngest upcoming entrepreneurs of India. Together, they are the brain behind GoDimensions. The aim of the company is to develop a simple technological solution for the digital world. They are the youngest Mobile Application Developers in India. When asked about how they managed to achieve this feat, the brothers responded by saying “reading books and solving the problems given to them”. These two develop applications for both, Android as well as IOS platforms.

Their mission is to have their apps installed on at least half of the world’s digital phones. The dynamic duo has already developed 11 apps which have about 60,000 downloads across 60 countries!

 

 

King Sidharth

When King was only in his 10^th std., he started an online magazine called Friendz to help students with teenage issues and problems, his first business was a hit.

An artist, entrepreneur, web designer and public speaker, King also organizes Createens – meets for students to learn bits and pieces about entrepreneurship and more.

King has also authored the book Bhagavad Gita & The Law of attraction. The book takes you on a journey of spirituality and science and their underlying connection. He’s a true King of his generation. This is one of the best successful entrepreneurs stories in India.

 

 

Sreelakshmi Suresh
A name to remember, Sreelakshmi Suresh, the youngest web designer and CEO in the world has many accolades to her name. A recipient of many national and international awards, she started climbing the success ladder at the mere age of 10, when she established eDesign – a venture which is now a web designing company that offers SEO, web design, and other web – related services. Sreelakshmi has developed over 100 websites for renowned institutions and organizations across India!
She is currently pursuing her grade 12 education from a secondary school in Kozhikode, Kerala. Last year, she achieved her aim of developing 50 websites; this year, she aims to double that number. With her ideas and hard work, she is sure to achieve it too. This is one of the best successful entrepreneurs stories in India.

 

 

83% of Indian workforce prefer to quit jobs, become an entrepreneur: Survey
Entrepreneurial ambition among the workforce is highest in India, with 56 per cent of respondents in a survey indicating that they are considering leaving current jobs to start their own business.
According to the Randstad Workmonitor survey, 83 per cent of the Indian workforce would like to be an entrepreneur, higher than the global average of 53 per cent.

A stable business environment, market oriented reforms like raising of FDI caps, implementation of GST, and key initiatives like Make in India and Digital India are fostering a new aspiring and ambitious Indian," Randstad India MD & CEO Paul Dupuis said.

He further said a robust SME ecosystem driven by aspiring entrepreneurs has historically seen higher growth for the formal sector, and has a knock-off effect on the evolution of other companies in the ecosystem.

 

The workforce in the age group of 45-54 years (37 per cent) are hesitant to start their own business as compared to the workforce in the age group of 25-34 years (72 per cent) and 35-44 years (61 per cent).

Around 86 per cent of the survey respondents indicated that the ecosystem to run a startup was favourable in India and 84 per cent said the Indian Government actively supports new startups in the country and provides a favourable entrepreneurial climate.

Regarding workplace preference, MNCs are the most favoured employers for Indian workforce as 84 per cent respondents said they prefer to work for a multinational firm.

Around 76 per cent of the workforce from India stated that they would like to work for a startup, whereas 69 per cent indicated that they would prefer to work for a small or medium enterprise or a privately managed company, the report added.

The Randstad Workmonitor covers 33 countries around the world. The study is conducted online among employees aged 18- 65, working a minimum of 24 hours a week in a paid job (not self-employed).

 

Differences Between 'Entrepreneurs' and 'Employees'

 

1. Entrepreneurs improve their skills; employees improve their weaknesses.

If you've ever been on a job interview, you've probably answered this question: "What have you done to improve your weaknesses?" This is a sensible question . . . to an employee. After all, employees are taught that weaknesses are bad and that they should be improved.

Not entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurs view focusing on weaknesses as futile; instead, they draw on their strengths.

2. Entrepreneurs may produce lousy work; employees are perfectionists.

Employees, constantly under the watchful eye of their bosses, strive for perfectionism. After all, nobody wants a black mark on that all-important performance review.

Yet entrepreneurs thrive on lousy work, because putting out lousy work means that at least they're producing, and it’s better to create and fail than to not have created at all.

3. Entrepreneurs say 'no' to opportunities; employees embrace them.

Warren Buffet said, "The difference between successful people and really successful people is that really successful people say no to almost everything.”

Entrepreneurs, then flex their "no" muscle often to maintain their focus on what matters. Employees, on the other hand, say "yes" to everything because they fear that if they say 'no' to an opportunity, they'll miss out on their big break.

4. Entrepreneurs delegate; employees practice 'DIY.'

Entrepreneurs are always looking for ways to get things off their plate. They know the monetary value of their time, and focus on the things only they can do.

Employees are the opposite. They try to do everything themselves, and see it as a weakness when they can’t juggle it all. They try to know every single aspect of the business. The mantra “If you want it done right, do it yourself” is the employee’s mantra.

5. Entrepreneurs mono-task; employees (try to) multitask.

There’s no such thing as multitasking. Despite what employers want, this statement is true. Studies show it’s impossible for our brains to focus effectively on more than one thing at a time.

Entrepreneurs recognize that multitasking means doing nothing well, so they “mono-task” instead.

Employees, however, are trained to worship multitasking and beat themselves up when their brains won’t cooperate.

6. Entrepreneurs thrive on risk; employees avoid it.

If you ask many people in the employee mindset why they won't start a business, they'll say they need the security of their day jobs. Not having access to a pension, steady paycheck or health insurance is too risky, they say.

Yet entrepreneurs thrive on risk.

Without risk, there’s no reward, and rather than scaring entrepreneurs away, this knowledge invigorates them. As Peter Drucker said, “Whenever you see a successful business, someone once made a courageous decision.”

7. Entrepreneurs believe in seasons; employees believe in balance.

Ahh, work/life balance. That is every employee’s most coveted dream, the most sought-after treasure.

But entrepreneurs know that balance isn't achievable. Instead of seeking balance, they believe that to excel in one area of their lives, others will suffer. They accept that the areas of their lives rotate through seasons.

Instead of fighting for an unachievable balance, they recognize that one thing will always have to take precedence over the others.

8. Employees are threatened by smarter people; entrepreneurs hire them.

In the corporate jungle, it’s survival of the fittest. If you’re not the smartest, most well-connected or hardest-working person in your department, you’re stuck at that bottom rung of the ladder.

Employees, therefore, are threatened by those who are smarter than they. They view the smarter guys as competition.

Entrepreneurs hire those people. They know that without a great team, their business will fail, so they hire up.

You don’t have to be a startup CEO or even own your own business to be an entrepreneur, but the entrepreneurial mindset is one that attracts success.

And the really good news is that there are many different ways in which you can apply these mindsets to become successful at whatever you choose to do with your career.

 

 

30 Small Business Ideas in India with Low Investment

 

1. Tax Consultant

Companies big and small pay good money to have their taxes prepared for them. It gives them a chance to focus on the everyday operations of their business. If you have the appropriate experience, you could set yourself up as a freelancer; however, by starting with a tax preparation franchise, you will receive courses, seminars and training.

2. Blogger or Vlogger

Are you an expert in a specific field? From travel, fashion, cooking, to DIY, and removal services, if you know how to do something particularly well, why not tell the world through a blog or vlog? All you will need is a computer and a good quality camera. You can make money by offering advertising space and reviews of products on your platform.

3. Informational Product Creator

Similar to blogging or vlogging, creating informational products is your chance to put your expertise in an e-book or some form of digital format and selling it to the online world. Find a niche that's not been overdone and start writing. You can sell your information piece on platforms such as Amazon Books.

4. Resume Writer

No matter the experience, there are very few people that enjoy or are good at writing their own resume. Individuals pay very good money to have their personal statements put on paper for them. It will cost you nothing to get setup and once you get the hang of it, you should be able to average a good hourly or daily pay rate.

5. Domain Name Buyer

As the name suggests, all you need to do is buy domain names you believe people will want and sell them for a profit. You will need to be able to:

• Identify profitable domain names
• Identify domain names that are memorable
• Learn about SEO and keyword optimization

6. Financial Advisor

Although the number of people wanting to start their own business has grown, many still do not know how to organize themselves financially. Start by getting your Certified Financial Planner (CFP) certificate to show clients you are credible. On the other hand, if you already have the experience, you can start by advising individuals and then grow your empire to consult for larger organizations.

7. Editorial Services

An editorial services business is easy to start, requires no initial monetary investment, and has a huge potential for expansion. From small and large businesses to authors and students, your client base could be endless. You can offer a variety of services, some of which include:

• Copywriting
• Ghostwriting
• Magazine article writing
• Newspaper article writing
• Web content writing
• Proofreading
• Editing
• Indexing
• Book writing

8. Ecommerce Store

If you have a great product, but no money to invest in a physical storefront, staff, and bills, why not set yourself up online? Aside from the lack of huge monetary investment and time commitment, the marketing opportunities online are endless. Also, although a storefront is great for branding purposes, it does limit the size and scope of your audience. By setting yourself up with an e-commerce store, you can:

• Sell to anyone in the world
• Have a store that is open 24/7 (meaning you literally make money in your sleep)
• Run promotions easily, whenever you want
• Cross-sell between your marketing and social media platforms and your website
• Run marketing campaigns through Google and other platforms

9. Online Photo Selling

If you are a professional photographer or just have a deep-rooted passion for it, you can make money from your pictures on photo selling websites. All you need to get started is a camera, preferably a digital SLR with a minimum of 8 megapixels, and a computer. Once you have established yourself on websites such as GettyImages.com and Flickr.com, you can setup your own website with a list of your watermarked images and their price per unit.

10. Meal Planning

There are loads of people who love food but don't have the first clue about what to buy. They are either not very confident in the kitchen, don't know the first thing about a balanced diet, or struggle with maintaining a budget. As a meal planner, you would:

• Create a list of ingredients
• Create step-by-step recipes for your customers to follow
• Explain the nutritional value of the meals to educate your customers
• Explain to them how they are saving money by sticking to your meal plans

 

11. Survey Taking

Although you won't get rich doing surveys online, you may make a steady income if you sign up to multiple sites. These surveys take barely any time at all to complete and can normally net you around $150+. Some of the most popular survey-taking platforms include:

• MySurveys
• InboxDollars
• Global Test Market
• EarningStation
• Harris Poll

12. Video Production

There are a number of ways you can use videography to create your own home-based business. There are so many people wanting to become YouTube celebrities who don't have the skills to upload high-quality, well-edited videos. Other services you could offer include:

• Vlog editing
• Creating music videos
• Voice-overs
• Adverts

13. Call Center Representative

More companies are looking to hire call center representatives who are willing to work from home on customer care issues. All you need to get started is a computer and a phone line. Aside from the fact that you could earn a good base salary, you will not have any commuting expenses and can save money by cooking your meals at home.

14. Direct Sales Representative

The term "door-to-door sales" often puts off people, because all they picture is getting doors slammed in their faces on a daily basis. That said, by working for companies such as Avon, Mary Kay, and Tupperware in the right areas, you could host very civilized parties in your home, allowing you to make money while meeting new people.

15. Travel Planning

With all the booking platforms available online today, anyone can book a holiday from the comforts of their home. But with so many different factors to compare, it can be overwhelming. Some of these include:

• Flights
• Car rentals
• Hotels
• Restaurants
• Tours
• Activities

If you have strong organizational skills and the knack for finding a good bargain, you could offer these services to others who have less time on their hands. Find the deals for your customers and add your surcharge for your services.

16. Currency Trading

Online currency trading is easier than ever thanks to the number of tutorial videos, online courses, and applications that offer step-by-step guides to becoming a currency trader. All you need is:

• Technical skills
• Fundamental analytical skills
• A small amount of cash flow
• A phone, tablet, or computer

17. Telemarketing Services

More and more companies are outsourcing their marketing efforts, and telemarketing is one of them. As a freelance telemarketer working from home, you will be setting appointments with customers and creating warm leads for companies. The amount you charge will depend on the size of the company you are working for, and the project they want to allocate you.

18. Event and Project Planning

Event and project planning can be done remotely but having a hands-on approach and offering your services in your local area will be more beneficial to you from both a quality control and monetary point of view. You can start this business from the comforts of your home and meet with clients in restaurants, cafes or at their office or home.

19. Professional Photography

Whether it is a wedding, family event, or a business' marketing materials, people pay good money for professional photography. Unless you feel the need to sign up for an online course, the only monetary investment you will have to make is for a camera. Establish your daily fee and remember to keep into account your travel expenses.

20. Tutoring

Have you worked as a teacher before? Are you proficient in a second language? Have you studied math, science, or any other subject? If so, you could tutor adults and children, provided you have the right paperwork for child protection reasons. It will cost you very little to get setup, and you can offer your services at people's homes.

21. Property Manager

As a property manager, you will be responsible for ensuring your clients' properties are running smoothly. You will also be the primary contact for tenants and will be responsible for making sure the properties you manage are safe and well-maintained.

22. Packing Services

If you have an eye for the little details, a packing service business could be your calling. When someone moves out of their home, they pay for removal services to take their belongings from their old house to their new one. But the process of packing all their belongings into boxes in the first place is extremely time-consuming. Why not offer people your time to do this for them while they are at work or busy running errands?

 

23. Digital Media Conversion

Have you ever thought about what happens to all the old CDs and DVDs we used to use to listen to music and watch films? Well, the answer is, often nothing. For those who have only just started using the internet to download, purchase, and listen to music, their CDs are wasted. If you know how to transfer this media to a computer, you could be doing the tech-phobic and those with little time on their hands a serious favor. Offer your services on forums, social media or flyers. You may even end up with customers with more general tech needs on a long-term basis.

24. Personal Driver or Taxi Services

This is an especially easy business to start if you live in an urban area, as many businessmen and women prefer having a driver to go to and from work in order to make calls, schedule meetings, and generally work on the operational aspects of their companies during that time. On the other hand, if you are looking to start a business that is more like a taxi service, why not become an Uber driver? To become an Uber driver, you need:

• A decent car
• A clean driving record
• A smartphone
• To be 21 years or older
• At least 3 years' driving experience
• A background check

25. Hairdressing or Makeup Artist Services

If you have worked in a salon before or just know how to cut hair but do not have the capital to open your own business, you could start one from home. All you need to do is make sure you comply with all your state's requirements for opening a salon in your home. That said, once you've got yourself up and running, you could earn anywhere from $22,500 and up. You could also offer other beauty treatments, such as:

• Hair coloring
• Hair extensions
• Manicure and pedicures
• Makeup
• Massages

26. Interior Designer

Both homeowners and business owners look for interior design and home decorating services in order to make the vision for their space come to life. Having a degree or certification will help you understand the different functions of a home or office, but it is not legally required in most places. You will be able to do most of your research from the comforts of your home, but you will need to get to know your client in order to understand how they want to use the space. Consider asking questions like:

• Is it for adults or children, or both?
• Does the space need to be pet-friendly?
• What is the purpose of the room?

27. Tour Guide

Many tourists like visiting new places with a guide. It allows them to ask all the questions they want and get a real local feel of the place they are visiting. If you know your town like the back of your hand, why not charge people for tours? You can create packages that include:

• Walking tours
• Taxi services to and from their hotels
• Breakfast, lunch, or dinner at a local restaurant

28. Bridal Concierge

The wedding industry is one that will most likely live in perpetuity. This is meant to be a special day for a couple, but often turns into a chore because of all the planning that comes with it. Because it is nearly impossible for brides and grooms to be able to enjoy the planning of their wedding, they often pay professionals to do it for them. If you have strong organizational skills, are communicative, pay attention to the little details, and love weddings, then you could set up shop from the comforts of your home. To get started and build a portfolio, offer your services to a friend or family member. From there, you can start charging other clients.

29. Create an online fashion boutique

If you love fashion and sharing your sense of style online, you can consider creating your own online fashion boutique. You don’t need to become a fashion designer either—you can simply curate items from other vendors into your own online store

From dresses, shoes, swimwear, accessories, and more, you can build your own fashion brand using one of the several product sourcing apps for Shopify, model them in your own product photos and social media posts, and build an online following as a trend-setter.

 

30. Sell handcrafted and homemade goods

If you’re a maker—whether you DIY soap, candles, sauces, or pottery—you’re in a unique position to start an online business since product development and procurement are literally in your hands.

Unlike many of the other ideas on this list, you will need to consider shipping and inventory management, but you can start out simple on a per-order basis or with a small batch until you start generating consistent sales.

In fact, many makers on Shopify started out selling from their homes on Etsy or to friends and family, growing into full-time business owners after establishing demand for their products.